When parents focus intently on their child’s success, sometimes they can miss out on important life lessons. Gladskikh Tatiana/Shutterstock

“It used to be said that the difficulty with parenting is that no-one gives you a manual, but you could argue that adage is no longer true.

“From ‘tiger mums‘ to ‘attachment parents,’ countless manifestos offer advice on how to successfully raise a child. In fact, there’s so much parenting advice around that first-time parents (in particular) can struggle to trust their own instincts and knowledge.

“While book sales may be up, is there any scientific evidence to suggest better outcomes for children raised in any of these pop-culture parenting styles?

“Hovering around

“Most parenting research centres on “helicopter” parenting. Helicopter parents are so named because they hover above their children at all times, regularly swooping in to protect them from challenges … ”

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